Legislative Formation and Democratic Governance in Indonesia: Assessing Public Participation in Law-Making Processes

Authors

Nabilla Marsyanda Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran", Surabaya
Wiwik Sri Widiarty Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54518/ldi.3.2.2025.1348

Keywords:

Legislative Formation, Democratic Governance, Public Participation, Law-Making Process, Indonesia, Constitutional Law

Abstract

Public participation stands as an essential component of modern democratic governance because it directly strengthens legislative legitimacy, procedural transparency, and institutional accountability within the state structure. This comprehensive normative juridical study examines legislative formation and democratic governance in Indonesia, grounding its detailed analysis in the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 12 of 2011, Law No. 13 of 2022, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. Utilizing both statutory and conceptual frameworks, the evaluation thoroughly reviews primary and secondary legal materials to determine how public consultation effectively operates within the modern law-making lifecycle. The core findings indicate that meaningful public involvement significantly improves legislative legitimacy, promotes administrative transparency, and enhances overall public accountability. Nevertheless, substantial challenges concerning practical implementation, procedural legitimacy, and public accessibility continue to hinder optimal governance outcomes. The study concludes that strengthening genuine public participation remains entirely indispensable for advancing democratic governance, protecting fundamental constitutional rights, and substantially improving overall legislative quality throughout Indonesia

References

Annisa, S. (2024). Meaningful Participation dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang berdasarkan Daftar Kumulatif Terbuka Pasca Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada).

Artioko, F. R. (2022). Pengadopsian partisipasi masyarakat yang bermakna (meaningful participation) dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang perubahan kedua Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Al-Qisth Law Review, 6(1), 52–83.

Cholik, A. (2024). Elaboration of the meaning of public participation in the formation of laws and regulations post the decree of the Constitutional Court Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. In Proceeding International Conference on Law, Economy, Social and Sharia (ICLESS) (Vol. 2, pp. 423–437).

Firdaus, F. R. (2022). Public participation after the law-making procedure law of 2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, 16(3), 495–514.

Haggart, B., & Keller, C. I. (2021). Democratic legitimacy in global platform governance. Telecommunications Policy, 45(6), 102152.

Harjono, D. K. (2020). Konsep omnibus law ditinjau dari Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2011 tentang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Jurnal Hukum to-ra, 6(2), 96–110.

Hatta, M. (2023). Public participation in the process of forming Law No. 3 of 2022 concerning the National Capital. International Journal of Law Dynamics Review, 1(2), 104–112.

Huzaeni, R. H. M. R., & Nada, I. Q. (2022). Public participation reconstruction in legislation formation in Indonesia post-pandemic. The Sunan Ampel Review of Political and Social Sciences, 2(1), 46–61.

Ishomuddin, M. (2024). Penyimpangan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 dengan prinsip meaningful participation. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 5(10).

Jackson, K. (2022). The Public Trust: Administrative Legitimacy and Democratic Lawmaking.

Martitah, M., Hidayat, A., Anitasari, R. F., Rahman, M. A. M., & Aini, T. R. (2023). Transformation of the legislative system in Indonesia based on the principles of good legislation. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 8(2), 545–594.

Negretto, G. (2020). Constitution-making and liberal democracy: The role of citizens and representative elites. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 18(1), 206–232.

Nursetiawan, E., & Ardhanariswari, R. (2022). Meaningful participation in legislative drafting as a manifestation of a democratic rule of law. Jambe Law Journal, 5(2), 251–270.

Ostwald, M. (2023). From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law: Law, Society, and Politics in Fifth-Century Athens. University of California Press.

Pamungkas, B., & Yusuf, M. (2023). Smart-legislation for meaningful participation in urban policymaking: An overview post-issuance of Act Number 13 of 2022. Journal of Interdisciplinary Law and Legal Issues, 1, 25–42.

Prastyo, A. (2022). Limitation of meaningful participation requirements in the Indonesian law-making process. Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, 11(3), 405–436.

Pujayanti, L. P. V. A., Nugrahayu, Z. Z., Rahim, E. I., Muhtar, M. H., & Yassine, C. (2024). Indonesia's Constitutional Court: Bastion of law enforcement and protector of human rights in the reform era. Jurnal Pamator, 17(1), 35–49.

Sianipar, M. M., Safa’at, M. A., Setia Negara, T. A., & Widiarto, A. E. (2022). Law and public participation in Indonesia. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 23.

Wardana, D. J., Sukardi, S., & Salman, R. (2023). Public participation in the law-making process in Indonesia. Jurnal Media Hukum, 30(1), 66–77.

Zakaria, E. (2023). Penerapan omnibus law dalam sistem legislasi nasional menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(3), 10719–10733.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Marsyanda, N., & Widiarty, W. S. (2025). Legislative Formation and Democratic Governance in Indonesia: Assessing Public Participation in Law-Making Processes. Law and Democracy Insight, 3(2), 134–154. https://doi.org/10.54518/ldi.3.2.2025.1348