Protecting Democracy in the Digital Era through Artificial Intelligence Governance

Abstract

The rapid growth of digital transactions and e-commerce in Indonesia has intensified the need for an effective legal framework to safeguard consumer rights in the digital environment. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of Indonesia’s legal framework for digital consumer protection and identify the challenges in its implementation. The research employs a normative legal research approach by examining statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature. The analysis focuses on the Consumer Protection Law (Law No. 8 of 1999), the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (Law No. 1 of 2024 amending Law No. 11 of 2008), the Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 27 of 2022), and related implementing regulations. The findings reveal that although these legal instruments establish a fundamental framework for protecting consumer rights, personal data, and transaction security, significant challenges remain, including regulatory fragmentation, outdated legal provisions, weak enforcement, the prevalence of click-wrap agreements, and compliance difficulties among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The study concludes that strengthening digital consumer protection requires comprehensive legal reform, improved enforcement mechanisms, and the integration of legal and technological approaches to create a secure, transparent, and trustworthy digital marketplace.