Smoke-Free Areas on Paper: An Analysis of Implementation and Enforcement Gaps in Urban Parks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.4.2026.1486Keywords:
Enforcement, Legal Instrument, Sanctions, Smoke-Free Areas, Urban Parks, Public HealthAbstract
The Smoke-Free Areas policy is a legal instrument that protects the public’s right to a healthy environment, including in public facilities. In the City of Bandung, regulations on Smoke-Free Areas have been established through regional legislation; however, violations of these provisions are still frequently found, particularly in urban parks as open public spaces. This condition indicates a gap between normative legal regulations and policy implementation in the field, especially in terms of sanction enforcement. This study generally aims to analyze the implementation of the Smoke-Free Areas policy in urban parks in the City of Bandung. The study employs normative juridical research supported by literature review and field observation. Data are analyzed qualitatively through editing, interpretation, and data systematization. The findings indicate that Smoke-Free Areas implementation in Bandung’s urban parks remains suboptimal despite an established legal framework. Limited supervision, inadequate supporting facilities, unclear technical mechanisms, and inconsistent sanctions constrain enforcement, reducing the policy’s deterrent effect. The study concludes that effective implementation requires stronger institutional supervision, clearer enforcement mechanisms, adequate facilities, and consistent sanctions. The study contributes by highlighting the importance of aligning normative legal provisions with practical enforcement mechanisms to strengthen compliance with Smoke-Free Areas in urban public spaces.
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