International Judicial Intervention and Humanitarian Protection: An Analysis of South Africa’s Case Against Israel at the ICJ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.5.2026.2008Keywords:
Genocide, International Court of Justice, Intervention, Israel-Palestine WarAbstract
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict continues to raise serious humanitarian concerns, particularly regarding civilian protection and alleged violations of international law in Gaza. On December 29, 2023, South Africa instituted proceedings against Israel before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), alleging violations of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. However, continued hostilities raised questions about the effectiveness of international legal intervention. This study examines the limitations of South Africa’s initiative through the concept of humanitarian intervention. It employs a qualitative explanatory design using a case study approach. The study collected data through documentary research, including ICJ orders, international legal instruments, academic publications, official statements, United Nations reports, and credible media sources. The data were analyzed thematically using five dimensions: humanitarian rationale and objectives, licensing, the use of military force, intervention agent, and intervention and outcomes. The findings indicate that South Africa successfully initiated proceedings, obtained provisional measures, and attracted international attention. Nevertheless, continued hostilities, Israel’s rejection of the allegations, and limited enforcement mechanisms constrained immediate humanitarian outcomes. The study concludes that international adjudication offers an important avenue for accountability but cannot, on its own, guarantee civilian protection or end armed conflict.
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