Legal Implementation of Prisoners’ Health Rights under Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.4.2026.1525Keywords:
Correctional System, Healthcare Services, Overcrowding, Prisoners’ Health RightsAbstract
The fulfillment of prisoners’ health rights constitutes an integral part of human rights protection as guaranteed under Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections. Although these rights have been normatively regulated in a comprehensive manner, their implementation at the level of correctional institutions still faces various challenges. This study analyzes the implementation of prisoners’ health rights at Class IIB Raha Detention Center and identifies the factors influencing its effectiveness. This research employs an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative method, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the fulfillment of health rights has been implemented. However, it has not yet reached an optimal level due to structural factors such as overcrowding, limited medical personnel, and inadequate healthcare facilities. These conditions result in healthcare services that tend to be reactive rather than preventive and fail to meet ideal service standards. This study concludes that the implementation of Law Number 22 of 2022 in fulfilling prisoners’ health rights remains largely formalistic and has not yet achieved substantive effectiveness. Therefore, structural reforms and strengthened institutional capacity are required to ensure the optimal fulfillment of prisoners’ health rights.
Downloads
References
Abdillah, M. F. (2021). Kendala serta penanggulangan yang dilakukan di lembaga pemasyarakatan di seluruh Indonesia dalam hal over kapasitas. NUSANTARA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 8(4), 532–538. https://doi.org/10.31604/jips.v8i4.2021.532-538.
Amabel, R. M., & Subroto, M. (2022). Pemberian hak pelayanan kesehatan bagi narapidana dalam keadaan overcrowded di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 8(2), 920-926. https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v8i2.59557.
Amin, K., & Oktavia, M. O. (2024). Pengelolaan lembaga pemasyarakatan oleh perusahaan swasta di Indonesia studi perbandingan dengan negara Amerika Serikat. UNES Law Review, 6(3), 8135–8146. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1688.
Aon, M., Oberconz, S., & Brasholt, M. (2025). The association between health and prison overcrowding, a scoping review. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23340-9.
Aswandi, B., & Roisah, K. (2019). Negara hukum dan demokrasi pancasila dalam kaitannya dengan hak asasi manusia (HAM). Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 1(1), 128-145. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i1.128-145.
Bramada, R. J., & Wibowo, P. (2022). Upaya penanggulangan dampak over kapasitas di lembaga pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Arga Makmur. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpku.v10i1.42698.
Cloud, D. H., Garcia-Grossman, I. R., Armstrong, A., & Williams, B. (2023). Public health and prisons: priorities in the age of mass incarceration. Annual Review of Public Health, 44(1), 407-428. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071521-034016.
Flora, H. S., & Erawati, R. D. (2023). The orientation and implications of new criminal code: An analysis of lawrence friedman’s legal system. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 11(1), 113-125. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i1.1169.
Friedman, L. M. (1975). The legal system: A social science perspective. London: Russell Sage Foundation.
Harry, J. P. M., Herlina, M., & Jusnizar, S. (2025). Implementation of the rights of correctional inmates according to law number 22 of 2022 concerning corrections. Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytic: PT Formosa Cendekia Global, 4(1), 247-262. https://doi.org/10.55927/jlca.v4i1.13835.
Kim, H., Hughes, E., Cavanagh, A., Norris, E., Gao, A., Bondy, S. J., ... & Kouyoumdjian, F. G. (2022). The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed-methods systematic review. Plos One, 17(5), 268-286. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268866.
Mohan, S., & Ayyavoo, K. (2026). Correctional health care in India: A narrative review on contemporary penal practices and institutional challenges. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 32(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/10783458261436616.
Noor, A. (2023). Socio-legal research: Integration of normative and empirical juridical research in legal research. Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum, 7(2), 94-110.
Nurrahman, A. (2022). Analisis pemenuhan hak atas pelayanan kesehatan dan makanan layak bagi narapidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Nomos: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Hukum, 2(3), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.56393/nomos.v1i5.598.
Perkasa, R. A. P. (2020). Optimalisasi pembinaan narapidana dalam upaya mengurangi overcapacity lembaga pemasyarakatan. Wajah Hukum, 4(1), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v4i1.175.
Probandari, A., Kuper, H., & Banks, L. M. (2025). Health insurance coverage, healthcare use, and financial protection amongst people with disabilities in Indonesia: analysis of the 2021 National Socioeconomic Survey. The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia, 39(6), 80-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100631.
Rahma, A., & Prayuti, Y. (2025). Legal implications of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health for SOPs and risk management in hospitals. Research Horizon, 5(6), 2977–2986. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.894.
Setiawan, K. M. Y. B., & Wibowo, P. (2021). Standart pelayanan kesehatan di rutan kelas i depok terhadap pemenuhan hak warga binaan pemasyarakatan. Al Iman: Jurnal Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan, 5(1), 104-124.
Simpson, P. L., Simpson, M., Adily, A., Grant, L., & Butler, T. (2019). Prison cell spatial density and infectious and communicable diseases: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 9(7), 268-276. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026806.
Soekanto, S. (2014). Pengantar penelitian hukum. Depok: UI Press.
Soerjono, S. (2020). Efektivitas hukum dalam pembangunan nasional. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Telaumbanua, R. F. (2020). Peran tenaga kesehatan dalam melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan WBP Rutan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(1), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.247.
Tyana, I. N., & Kurnianingsih, M. (2025). The impact of prison overcrowding on the rights and well-being of inmates in Indonesia: A legal perspective. Jurnal Al-Hakim: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, Studi Syariah, Hukum dan Filantropi, 6(3), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.22515/jurnalalhakim.v7i1.11363.
Wani, A. W. R., Tallo, D. D., & Amalo, H. (2024). Analisis yuridis dampak overcapacity lembaga pemasyarakatan terhadap pembinaan warga Lapas ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan (Studi kasus Lapas Kelas II B Ende). Mahkamah: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, 1(4), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.62383/mahkamah.v1i4.209.
Widha, A. A., & Kusmiyanti, K. (2025). Tenaga kesehatan, kapasitas, anggaran serta sarana dan prasarana sebagai hambatan utama pelayanan kesehatan bagi narapidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan, 16(3), 822-828. https://doi.org/10.33846/sf16339.
Wijaya, M. A., & Wibowo, P. (2021). Strategi menangani over kapasitas di lembaga pemasyarakatan di Indonesia. Jurnal Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora, 8(2), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.31604/justitia.v8i2.111-117.
Wijaya, T. S., & Rahman, M. A. M. (2021). Pemenuhan hak mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan bagi narapidana (Studi di lembaga pemasyarakatan kelas II A Curup). Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 7(1), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v7i1.31462.
Wiraguna, S. A. (2024). Metode normatif dan empiris dalam penelitian hukum: Studi eksploratif di Indonesia. Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum, 3(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v3i3.1390.
Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2023). Penerapan Pasal 9 Huruf (D) Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 terkait hak pelayanan kesehatan dan makanan yang layak di lapas Kelas Ii B Singaraja. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sui Generis, 3(2), 126-136.
Zainuddin, M., & Karina, A. D. (2023). Penggunaan metode yuridis normatif dalam membuktikan kebenaran pada penelitian hukum. Smart Law Journal, 2(2), 114-123.
Zamzani, S. P., & Esthi, A. (2023). Implementasi pemenuhan hak pelayanan kesehatan bagi narapidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan Kelas I Surabaya. Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan, 1(1), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.55499/judiciary.v12i2.178.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Villa Nifsayanti Afnisal, Yuyut Prayuti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
