Effectiveness of Lemongrass Against Fusarium oxysporum Wilt Disease in Tomato
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.4.2026.1497Keywords:
Botanical Pesticide, Cymbopogon citratus, Fusarium oxysporum, Solanum lycopersicum, Wilt DiseaseAbstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production is severely constrained by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, a soil-borne pathogen that disrupts vascular tissues and reduces plant growth and productivity. Although synthetic fungicides are widely used, their environmental impacts have encouraged the development of sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of citronella (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a botanical pesticide for suppressing Fusarium wilt and improving tomato plant growth under greenhouse conditions. The experiment employed a Randomized Block Design consisting of five treatments (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00% Lemongrass) with five replications. Disease incidence and plant height were measured, and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that Lemongrass significantly reduced disease incidence while enhancing plant growth. The 1.00% treatment produced the lowest disease incidence (10.00%) and the greatest plant height (25.00 cm), whereas the control treatment exhibited 100.00% disease incidence and the lowest plant height (7.00 cm). These findings indicate that citronella essential oil is a promising environmentally friendly botanical pesticide for managing Fusarium wilt while supporting tomato growth.
Downloads
References
Adiwiguna, N. Z. D., Sibero, H. T., Prabowo, A. Y., & Berawi, K. N. (2025). Kandungan bahan aktif tumbuhan serai (Cymbopogon citratus) dan pemanfaatannya dalam bidang kesehatan. Journal of Medical Practice and Research, 1(2), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.65310/bfkpbq14.
Agrios, G. N. (2005). Plant pathology (5th ed.). New York: Elsevier Academic Press.
Ahmed, M. M., & Abdelwines, M. A. (2024). Toxicological and physiological activity of lemongrass and peppermint essential oils as acaricidal agents on life-table parameters of Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman & Sapra) and its predatory mite, Cydnoseius negevi (Swirski & Amitai). Phytoparasitica, 52(4), 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-024-01187-x.
Akram, W., Waqar, S., Hanif, S., Anjum, T., Aftab, Z. E. H., Li, G., ... Umer, M. (2024). Comparative effect of seed coating and biopriming of Bacillus aryabhattai Z-48 on seedling growth, growth promotion, and suppression of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants. Microorganisms, 12(4), 792–801. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040792.
Attia, M. S., Abdelaziz, A. M., Al-Askar, A. A., Arishi, A. A., Abdelhakim, A. M., & Hashem, A. H. (2022). Plant growth-promoting fungi as biocontrol tool against Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plant. Journal of Fungi, 8(8), 775–788. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080775.
Bacon, C. W., Porter, J. K., Norred, W. P., & Leslie, J. F. (1996). Production of fusaric acid by Fusarium species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62(11), 4039–4043. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.11.4039-4043.1996.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Statistik hortikultura tahun 2019. Retrieved on May 12, 2026, from https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2020/08/28/5eb79ca777ce4ba7a2908a4d/statistik-hortikultura-2019.html.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils: A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 446–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106.
Baranová, B., Kudláčková, B., Baral, R. P., Svojanovská, L., Javed, Q., Amato, G., & Gruľová, D. (2025). Potential herbicidal and insecticidal (beneficial) properties of Nepalese lemongrass essential oil. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 22(10), 1095–1109. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202501095.
Beckman, C. H. (1987). The nature of wilt diseases of plants. Minnesota: APS Press.
Boukhatem, M. N., Ferhat, M. A., Kameli, A., Saidi, F., & Kebir, H. T. (2014). Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potent anti-inflammatory and antifungal drugs. Libyan Journal of Medicine, 9(1), 254-271. https://doi.org/10.3402/ljm.v9.25431.
Campbell, C. L., & Madden, L. V. (1990). Introduction to plant disease epidemiology. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Gottwald, T. R. (1995). Spatio-temporal analysis and isopath dynamics of citrus scab in nursery plots. Phytopathology, 85(10), 1082-1092. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-85-1082.
Idris, H., Suryani, E., Gustia, H., & Ramadhan, A. I. (2022). The effect of various essential oils and solvent additives on the botanical pesticide formulation of Piper aduncum essential oil for antifungal activity. Results in Engineering, 6(1), 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100644.
Jones, J. B., Jones, J. P., Stall, R. E., & Zitter, T. A. (2014). Compendium of tomato diseases and pests (2nd ed.). Minnesota: APS Press.
Laoth, G. L., Wirya, G. N. A. S., & Temaja, I. G. R. M. (2026). In vitro evaluation of bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens against Klebsiella variicola in kepok Banana. Research Horizon, 6(2), 861–872. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.2.2026.1076.
McGovern, R. J. (2015). Management of tomato diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. Plant Health Progress, 16(3), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.021.
Michielse, C. B., & Rep, M. (2009). Pathogen profile update: Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular Plant Pathology, 10(3), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00538.x.
Mosa, M. A., & El-Abeid, S. E. (2023). Chitosan-loaded copper oxide nanoparticles: A promising antifungal nanocomposite against Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants. Sustainability, 15(19), 1429–1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914295.
Nurmansyah, N., Agustien, A., & Mansyurdin, M. (2023). Potensi pestisida minyak atsiri untuk pengendalian jamur Fusarium oxysporum penyebab penyakit layu tanaman budidaya. Jurnal Agrosains dan Teknologi 8(2), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.24853/jat.8.2.94-103.
Pratiwi, V., Harta, R. Y., Pratiwi, H., & Ritaqwin, Z. (2025). Bioaktivitas minyak serai wangi dan ekstrak kulit jeruk purut sebagai fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan Fusarium oxysporum pada tanaman cabai merah. Jurnal Agrium, 22(4), 406–418. https://doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v22i4.25416.
Rao, Y., Zeng, L., Jiang, H., Mei, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). Trichoderma atroviride LZ42 releases volatile organic compounds promoting plant growth and suppressing Fusarium wilt disease in tomato seedlings. BMC Microbiology, 22(1), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-022-02511-3.
Resti, A. R., & Marsuni, Y. M. (2026). Daya hambat Protaderma terhadap Fusarium sp. penyebab penyakit layu pada tomat. Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman Tropika, 9(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.20527/jptt.v9i2.3728.
Sari, V., Gafur, A., & Sari, D. R. (2023). Efektivitas minyak serai sebagai bioinsektisida nyamuk. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management, 3(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.31004/jestm.v3i1.96.
Saulie, D. A., Kulla, P. D. K., Zulwanis, Z., & Marniati, M. (2024). Skrining fitokimia minyak atsiri kulit jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis) dan batang serai (Cymbopogon citratus). Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine, 10(1), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v10i1.3939.
Shaaban, H. A. E., El-Ghorab, A. H., & Shibamoto, T. (2022). Bioactivity of essential oils and their volatile aroma components: Review. Antioxidants, 11(1), 20-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010020.
Simamora, A. V., Serangmo, D. Y., Iburuni, Y. U., Widinugraheni, S., Hali, A. S., & Abanat, F. R. (2022). Uji kemampuan Trichokompos dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium pada tanaman tomat. Wana Lestari, 4(2), 374–381. https://doi.org/10.35508/wanalestari.v7i02.9466.
Somda, I., Leth, V., & Sérémé, P. (2007). Antifungal effect of Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Azadirachta indica oil extracts on sorghum seed-borne fungi. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(8), 1182–1189. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2007.1182.1189.
Sriwahyuni, S., Oktarina, H., & Chamzurni, T. (2023). Pengaruh bioaktivator dalam pupuk organik cair kulit pisang untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu Fusarium pada tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 8(1), 438–452.
Tajkarimi, M. M., Ibrahim, S. A., & Cliver, D. O. (2010). Antimicrobial herb and spice compounds in food. Food Control, 21(9), 1199–1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.02.003.
Taruna, A., Aini, L. Q., & Syib’li, M. A. (2024). Potensi bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens dalam menginduksi ketahanan tanaman tomat terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium: The potential of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria in inducting the resistance of tomato plants against Fusarium wilt disease. Jurnal HPT (Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan), 12(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jurnalhpt.2024.012.2.5.
Zhang, L., Zuo, Q., Cai, H., Li, S., Shen, Z., & Song, T. (2024). Fungicides reduce soil microbial diversity, network stability and complexity in wheat fields with different disease resistance. Applied Soil Ecology, 201(1), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105513.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Alysa Clara Novi Ayu Sipayung, I Putu Sudiarta, Trisna Agung Phabiola
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
