Consumer Legal Protection in E-Commerce Transactions in Indonesia: A Study of Rights, Obligations, and Legal Certainty

Abstract

The development of digital technology has driven the growth of e-commerce and shifted trade transaction patterns from conventional to electronic. These changes provide convenience for consumers, but also give rise to various legal issues, such as information imbalances, product mismatches, electronic contracts, business actor liability, and dispute resolution. This study aims to analyze consumer legal protection and the legal aspects of e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The study uses a normative juridical method by examining primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Primary legal materials include Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Trade Through Electronic Systems. The results show that Indonesia already has a legal framework that protects consumer rights, business actors’ obligations and responsibilities, the validity of electronic contracts, and dispute resolution mechanisms. However, the development of digital commerce still presents challenges in the effectiveness of law implementation and enforcement. Therefore, strengthened oversight and regulatory adjustments are necessary to ensure safe, fair, and legally certain e-commerce transactions.