Eco-Friendly Nanocomposites for Sustainable Water Purification: Recent Developments and Future Directions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54518/jaei.2.2.2024.1299Keywords:
Adsorption, Biopolymer, Nanocomposite, Water, Water PurificationAbstract
Increasing water pollution caused by heavy metals, organic compounds, dyes, microplastics, and emerging contaminants has encouraged the development of more efficient and sustainable water purification technologies. This article reviews the advancement of eco-friendly nanocomposites as functional materials for water purification based on scientific literature published between 2019 and 2023. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by collecting, evaluating, and synthesizing publications discussing constituent materials, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, purification mechanisms, and implementation challenges of nanocomposites. The findings indicate that combining biopolymers, biochar, and biomass-derived materials with functional nanoparticles significantly enhances specific surface area, adsorption capacity, photocatalytic activity, mechanical stability, and pollutant removal efficiency. Furthermore, green synthesis methods contribute to reducing hazardous chemical consumption while supporting sustainable material production. Nevertheless, large-scale implementation remains challenged by nanoparticle agglomeration, material regeneration, production costs, and potential nanoparticle release into the environment. Future research should prioritize the development of multifunctional nanocomposites that are environmentally safe, cost-effective, easily regenerated, and suitable for sustainable large-scale production to strengthen next-generation water purification technologies.
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